Infertility and depression can influence each other. Infertility and its treatments can lead to depression due to personal hopes, societal expectations, and the difficulties of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Conversely, depression may affect fertility, possibly by reducing interest in sex or through the impact of antidepressant medications on pregnancy rates. Research indicates a two-way relationship, where infertility can cause depression, and there’s some evidence that depression can influence fertility, though depression alone doesn’t cause infertility.
Several factors link infertility and depression: the stress of fertility concerns affecting identity and well-being, medication side effects from ARTs like clomiphene, leuprolide, and gonadotropins, and sleep disturbances worsened by infertility, which can trigger depression symptoms. Additionally, health conditions associated with infertility, such as PCOS, endometriosis, and thyroid issues, are also linked to depression.
Symptoms of depression include sadness, hopelessness, guilt, fatigue, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite or weight, digestive issues, body aches, mood changes, loss of interest in activities, trouble concentrating, and difficulty expressing oneself. For transgender individuals, gender affirmation treatments can impact fertility, making early discussion of fertility preservation important for later well-being. Infertility is defined as not conceiving after one year of unprotected sex (or 6 months for those over 35 or after two miscarriages), affecting 15 per cent of reproductive-age couples globally.
Treatment for depression in the context of fertility challenges includes medication, mindful cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and personalised online therapy. When considering antidepressants, it’s crucial to discuss risks and benefits with a healthcare professional, as some SSRIs may affect pregnancy rates, and some antidepressants might carry risks during early pregnancy. CBT and online therapy have shown effectiveness in reducing depression symptoms in individuals undergoing fertility treatment.
Coping strategies for depression and infertility involve leaning on support networks, finding safe spaces to talk, journaling, and practising mindfulness meditations. While infertility and depression present challenges, depression is treatable through various methods. Building a strong support system, including healthcare professionals, friends, and family, is essential. Therapy and self-care strategies can provide a sense of control.
Read more in this article by Healthline.
