As we have discussed in some of our other articles, fertility naturally declines for both females and males around the age of 35 and 40, respectively. We have also mentioned, that lifestyle factors can have an impact on fertility, both positively and negatively. These factors include diet, exercise, emotional wellbeing and substance use. In the latter instance, the more common alcohol consumption has been shown to have only a negative impact in both men and women, but especially in women trying to conceive, even when taken in moderation (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC28642/).
The effects of alcohol on both male and female fertility are dose-dependent, meaning that while moderate drinking can reduce the chances of conception, heavy drinking poses more significant risks. Research suggests that alcohol affects hormonal balance, ovulation, and sperm quality.
In women how alcohol has been shown to cause changes in fertility hormones. Oestrogen has been found to increase, potentially affecting embryo implantation in the uterus. Alcohol disrupts the functioning of the hormones that control the menstrual cycle and the ability to ovulate and can therefore interrupt the availability of eggs for fertilisation. As fertility hormones are affected, abstinence from alcohol it is strongly recommended during pregnancy as it poses great risk to the foetus as well as the mother.
For men, alcohol has been found to reduce testosterone in the body, affecting sex drive and linked to poor semen quality, the latter been shown to be reversed on reducing or completely stopping alcohol consumption. Alcohol has also been associated with shrinkage of the testes and premature ejaculation.
Gain more insight, including tips for reducing and avoiding alcohol, which you can do as a couple, in this article by Alcohol Change UK.
