Blocked Fallopian Tubes
This is the commonest cause of female infertility. The tubes that bring the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, may be blocked following sexually transmitted infections (STIs), other infections around the reproductive organs, or even after surgery in the area of the reproductive organs. Tests to check the condition of the tubes are easily available.
Appropriate use of condoms can prevent STIs. Any suspected infection must be tested for, and treated promptly.
Tubal surgery may work for some women, but the majority will require in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.
Problems with Ovulation
Some women may not produce an egg from their ovaries (ovulate) every month. There are many causes for this, but the commonest is a condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
The main sign of failure to ovulate is irregular periods.
The initial medical assessment will give an idea as to why you are not ovulating. Specific tests will then confirm the cause.
Many women can be helped with simple ovulation tablets, but others will require more complex treatments that may include IVF.
Uterine Factors
The uterus plays a key role in reproduction. Any conditions affecting its function may interfere with conception.
Normal menstrual cycles are an indirect indicator of uterine function, along with ovulation. Irregular menstrual patterns may be a sign of uterine issues.
Ultrasound scans of the reproductive organs will usually help determine if there are uterine conditions, including abnormal growths like fibroids.
Some women will require surgery to create a better environment for pregnancy, in conjunction with specific fertility treatments.
Advancing Female Age
Advancing female age, from the mid-30s onwards, is a major contributor of female infertility. The egg numbers and quality dramatically decline as women approach their 40s.
It’s important to be aware that even advanced fertility treatments cannot compensate for this biological phenomenon. Fertility treatments at advanced ages usually fail for most women.
The option of using donated eggs can always be considered as an alternative.
Women should consider having children earlier if possible. Or alternatively consider the option of preserving their eggs through collection and freezing, for future use.
